Latent functions: Latent functions are the unintended, often negative, consequences of an institution (Merton, 2010).The function of schooling, for example, is to educate the masses so they can have jobs and contribute to the economy (Sorokin, 2013). Manifest functions: Manifest functions are the intended functions or purposes of an institution (Merton, 2010).To Merton, social institutions have two functions: Merton contributed to functionalism by exploring the functions of social institutions. By being interdependent, each social institution cooperates with the other for the greater good (Andersen & Taylor, 2017). As a result, we feel a sense of obligation to one another and establish a social contract (Alexander & Smith, 2010).īased on the above, Durkheim examined social institutions like families, schools, police forces, and so on, and saw that they each have a key role in establishing stability of the society as a whole. We acknowledge we need others – who might be specialists in their specific fields – to help keep everything operating smoothly (Calhoun, Gerteis, Moody, Pfaff, & Virk, 2012). Organic solidarity: This occurs when a large, modern, multicultural society achieves stability and order because we acknowledge we are interdependent.In such societies, solidarity is based on a sense of kinship (Durkheim, 2014). It is evident in traditional societies, where there is general homogeneity in views and beliefs. Mechanical solidarity: This occurs when a social group shares similar beliefs and values. ![]() ![]() He looked at two types of ‘solidarity’ in societies: ![]() References Conflict Theory vs Functionalism Functionalism Overviewįunctionalism originated with Durkheim and Merton, key theorists who examined how social institutions had a role in shaping the social order and causing stability within a society (Parsons, 2010).ĭurkheim examined how different societies established stability and order in different ways.
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